1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v3 10.0
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: Teltonika
- Equipment: Remote Management System and RUT model routers
- Vulnerabilities: Observable Response Discrepancy, Improper Authentication, Server-Side Request Forgery, Cross-site Scripting, Inclusion of Web Functionality from an Untrusted Source, External Control of System of Configuration Setting, OS Command Injection
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could expose sensitive device information and device credentials, enable remote code execution, expose connected devices managed on the network, and allow impersonation of legitimate devices.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Teltonika products are affected:
- Remote Management System (RMS): Versions prior to 4.10.0 (affected by CVE-2023-32346, CVE-2023-32347, CVE-2023-32348, CVE-2023-2587, CVE-2023-2588)
- Remote Management System (RMS): Versions prior to 4.14.0 (affected by CVE-2023-2586)
- RUT model routers: Version 00.07.00 through 00.07.03.4 (affected by CVE-2023-32349)
- RUT model routers: Version 00.07.00 through 00.07.03 (affected by CVE-2023-32350)
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 OBSERVABLE RESPONSE DISCREPANCY CWE-204
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions prior to 4.10.0 contain a function that allows users to claim their devices. This function returns information based on whether the serial number of a device has already been claimed, the MAC address of a device has already been claimed, or whether the attempt to claim a device was successful. An attacker could exploit this to create a list of the serial numbers and MAC addresses of all devices cloud-connected to the Remote Management System.
CVE-2023-32346 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N).
3.2.2 IMPROPER AUTHENTICATION CWE-287
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions prior to 4.10.0 use device serial numbers and MAC addresses to identify devices from the user perspective for device claiming and from the device perspective for authentication. If an attacker obtained the serial number and MAC address of a device, they could authenticate as that device and steal communication credentials of the device. This could allow an attacker to enable arbitrary command execution as root by utilizing management options within the newly registered devices.
CVE-2023-32347 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 10.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.3 SERVER-SIDE REQUEST FORGERY (SSRF) CWE-918
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions prior to 4.10.0 contain a virtual private network (VPN) hub feature for cross-device communication that uses OpenVPN. It connects new devices in a manner that allows the new device to communicate with all Teltonika devices connected to the VPN. The OpenVPN server also allows users to route through it. An attacker could route a connection to a remote server through the OpenVPN server, enabling them to scan and access data from other Teltonika devices connected to the VPN.
CVE-2023-32348 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:L/A:N).
3.2.4 IMPROPER AUTHENTICATION CWE-287
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions 4.14.0 is vulnerable to an unauthorized attacker registering previously unregistered devices through the RMS platform. If the user has not disabled the “RMS management feature” enabled by default, then an attacker could register that device to themselves. This could enable the attacker to perform different operations on the user’s devices, including remote code execution with ‘root’ privileges (using the ‘Task Manager’ feature on RMS).
CVE-2023-2586 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 9.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.5 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF INPUT DURING WEB PAGE GENERATION (‘CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING’) CWE-79
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions prior to 4.10.0 contain a cross-site scripting (XSS) vulnerability in the main page of the web interface. An attacker with the MAC address and serial number of a connected device could send a maliciously crafted JSON file with an HTML object to trigger the vulnerability. This could allow the attacker to execute scripts in the account context and obtain remote code execution on managed devices.
CVE-2023-2587 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.6 INCLUSION OF WEB FUNCTIONALITY FROM AN UNTRUSTED SOURCE CWE-830
Teltonika’s Remote Management System versions prior to 4.10.0 have a feature allowing users to access managed devices’ local secure shell (SSH)/web management services over the cloud proxy. A user can request a web proxy and obtain a URL in the Remote Management System cloud subdomain. This URL could be shared with others without Remote Management System authentication . An attacker could exploit this vulnerability to create a malicious webpage that uses a trusted and certified domain. An attacker could initiate a reverse shell when a victim connects to the malicious webpage, achieving remote code execution on the victim device.
CVE-2023-2588 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.7 EXTERNAL CONTROL OF SYSTEM OR CONFIGURATION SETTING CWE-15
Versions 00.07.00 through 00.07.03.4 of Teltonika’s RUT router firmware contain a packet dump utility that contains proper validation for filter parameters. However, variables for validation checks are stored in an external configuration file. An authenticated attacker could use an exposed UCI configuration utility to change these variables and enable malicious parameters in the dump utility, which could result in arbitrary code execution.
CVE-2023-32349 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.0 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.2.8 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF SPECIAL ELEMENTS USED IN AN OS COMMAND (‘OS COMMAND INJECTION’) CWE-78
Versions 00.07.00 through 00.07.03 of Teltonika’s RUT router firmware contain an operating system (OS) command injection vulnerability in a Lua service. An attacker could exploit a parameter in the vulnerable function that calls a user-provided package name by instead providing a package with a malicious name that contains an OS command injection payload.
CVE-2023-32350 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3 base score of 8.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Water and Wastewater, Energy, Critical Manufacturing
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Lithuania
3.4 RESEARCHER
Roni Gavrilov of Otorio and Claroty Team82 reported these vulnerabilities to Teltonika and CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Teltonika recommends users update their devices to the latest versions.
- RMS services have already been updated to versions, which fix these vulnerabilities.
- Users can download the latest version of their respective RUT routers by navigating to the appropriate device on Teltonika’s website.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities. Specifically, users should:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, and ensure they are not accessible from the Internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolate them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use secure methods, such as virtual private networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as its connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploits specifically target these vulnerabilities.
