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1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- CVSS v4 9.1
- ATTENTION: Exploitable remotely/low attack complexity
- Vendor: Santesoft
- Equipment: Sante PACS Server
- Vulnerabilities: Path Traversal, Double Free, Cleartext Transmission of Sensitive Information, Cross-site Scripting
2. RISK EVALUATION
Successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could allow an attacker to create arbitrary files, cause a denial-of-service condition, obtain sensitive information, and steal a user’s cookie information.
3. TECHNICAL DETAILS
3.1 AFFECTED PRODUCTS
The following Santesoft products are affected:
- Sante PACS Server: Versions prior to 4.2.3
3.2 VULNERABILITY OVERVIEW
3.2.1 IMPROPER LIMITATION OF A PATHNAME TO A RESTRICTED DIRECTORY (‘PATH TRAVERSAL’) CWE-22
Sante PACS Server Web Portal allows remote attackers utilize DCM files to create arbitrary files on affected installations of Sante PACS Server.
CVE-2025-0572 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 4.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-0572. A base score of 5.3 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.2 DOUBLE FREE CWE-415
The Sante PACS Server allows a remote attacker to crash the main thread by sending a crafted HL7 message, causing a denial-of-service condition. The application would require a manual restart and no authentication is required.
CVE-2025-53948 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.5 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-53948. A base score of 8.7 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.3 CLEARTEXT TRANSMISSION OF SENSITIVE INFORMATION CWE-319
The Sante PACS Server Web Portal sends credential information without encryption.
CVE-2025-54156 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 7.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-54156. A base score of 9.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N).
3.2.4 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF INPUT DURING WEB PAGE GENERATION (‘CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING’) CWE-79
Sante PACS Server web portal is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. An attacker could inject malicious HTML codes redirecting a user to a malicious webpage and stealing the user’s cookie.
CVE-2025-54862 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 5.4 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-54862. A base score of 4.8 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N).
3.2.5 IMPROPER NEUTRALIZATION OF INPUT DURING WEB PAGE GENERATION (‘CROSS-SITE SCRIPTING’) CWE-79
Sante PACS Server is vulnerable to stored cross-site scripting. An attacker could inject malicious HTML codes redirecting a user to a malicious webpage and stealing the user’s cookie.
CVE-2025-54759 has been assigned to this vulnerability. A CVSS v3.1 base score of 6.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:L/I:L/A:N).
A CVSS v4 score has also been calculated for CVE-2025-54759. A base score of 5.1 has been calculated; the CVSS vector string is (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:L/SI:L/SA:N).
3.3 BACKGROUND
- CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE SECTORS: Healthcare and Public Health
- COUNTRIES/AREAS DEPLOYED: Worldwide
- COMPANY HEADQUARTERS LOCATION: Cyprus
3.4 RESEARCHER
Chizuru Toyama of TXOne Networks reported these vulnerabilities to CISA.
4. MITIGATIONS
Santesoft recommends users update PACS Server to Version 4.2.3 or later.
CISA recommends users take defensive measures to minimize the risk of exploitation of these vulnerabilities, such as:
- Minimize network exposure for all control system devices and/or systems, ensuring they are not accessible from the Internet.
- Locate control system networks and remote devices behind firewalls and isolating them from business networks.
- When remote access is required, use more secure methods, such as Virtual Private Networks (VPNs), recognizing VPNs may have vulnerabilities and should be updated to the most current version available. Also recognize VPN is only as secure as the connected devices.
CISA reminds organizations to perform proper impact analysis and risk assessment prior to deploying defensive measures.
CISA also provides a section for control systems security recommended practices on the ICS webpage on cisa.gov/ics. Several CISA products detailing cyber defense best practices are available for reading and download, including Improving Industrial Control Systems Cybersecurity with Defense-in-Depth Strategies.
CISA encourages organizations to implement recommended cybersecurity strategies for proactive defense of ICS assets.
Additional mitigation guidance and recommended practices are publicly available on the ICS webpage at cisa.gov/ics in the technical information paper, ICS-TIP-12-146-01B–Targeted Cyber Intrusion Detection and Mitigation Strategies.
Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents.
CISA also recommends users take the following measures to protect themselves from social engineering attacks:
- Do not click web links or open attachments in unsolicited email messages.
- Refer to Recognizing and Avoiding Email Scams for more information on avoiding email scams.
- Refer to Avoiding Social Engineering and Phishing Attacks for more information on social engineering attacks.
No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time.
5. UPDATE HISTORY
- August 12, 2025: Initial Publication
